The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.